Prevalence of mental health disorders among adults in Africa: A scoping review

The burden of mental health disorders, though a major public health concern globally, is disproportionately high in low- and middle-income countries, including those in Africa. In addition, despite the increased awareness regarding the crisis in mental health, comprehensive data regarding the prevalence and determinants of mental health disorders among adults in Africa is lacking. This scoping review investigates the prevalence, associated factors, and barriers to care for mental health disorders in African adults. The authors performed a systematic search of peer-reviewed literature through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies that reported on the prevalence of mental health disorders among African adults published between 2010 and 2024. Eligible studies were screened and extracted, after which thematic analysis was done using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Thirty-five studies were included andindicated significant regional variation in the prevalence of mental health disorders. The most prevalent disorders reported were major depression, within a range of 12-35 percent, anxiety disorders, within a range of 10-27 percent, followed by substance use disorders. Major socioeconomic contributors to the mental health disorders were poverty, unemployment, and low education. Cultural stigma and barriers to care access also contributed significantly. Mental health services were few throughout Africa, especially in the rural and conflict areas of the continent, because of workforce shortages and lack of funding. Research gaps clearly existed in rural populations, refugees, and longitudinal mental health studies. The review indicates the need for urgent awareness, investment in mental health services, and the implementation of policy addressing the burden of mental health in Africa. Targeted efforts at decreasing stigma,increasing the infrastructure for mental health, and access to care should be taken, particularly within the most at-risk groups. Addressing such challenges is likely to ensure improved mental health outcomes and further the cause of public health across the continent.