Main Determinative Factors of the System of International Relations and World order and their Reflection on the Modern Reality

The main task of the study is to determine the principles of the international system and world order and to conduct a detailed analysis of what constitutes the system of international relations and the main principles of world order, which main systems exist and what types of world order existed from the middle of the 17th century to the present day. The paper presents a comparative analysis of various systems and world orders. In particular, what are the main characteristics of a unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar world, and what are the differences between them? Additionally, when discussing world order, what are the characteristics of the Westphalian, Vienna, Versailles-Washington, and Yalta-Potsdam world orders, and what international system and world order can we discuss in the modern period? Accordingly, the paper discusses the modern system of international relations and the opinions of leading specialists in international relations in relation to modern international relations, etc. The topic also discusses the issue related to the diversity of political actors, in particular, the characterization of large, medium, and small countries and their role in world politics is presented, as well as the factors of various transnational actors in international relations. A significant part of the study is devoted to possible models of the world political order in the 21st century, among which the model of US world hegemony is discussed, which is based on US dominance in the economic, financial, technological, military, and commercial spheres. Then, the bipolar model of the world is discussed, according to which, based on the mentioned structure, there are two centers of global influence in the world, characterized by a confrontation between two leading countries and their allies. As for the multipolar model of the world, this model is based on the balance of power. The discussion of the polycivilizational model is very interesting. The analysis of the main characteristics of this model is related to the parallel existence of seven civilizations. These civilizations are Western, Latin American, Islamic, Slavic-Orthodox, Chinese (Confucian), Japanese (Shinto), and African. As we can see, at the beginning of the 21st century, global conflicts are taking place within the framework of the confrontation between these civilizations, one example of which is the Russian-Ukrainian war, which is not only an interstate war, but in this case, in addition to the confrontation between Russia and Ukraine, there is a confrontation, first of all, between the global West and Russia, although to some extent the BRICS member states appear on the side of Russia, which represent different civilizations on their side, although the common interest of all of them is the confrontation with Western civilization. The last part of the work is devoted to the discussion of the modern international system and world order, where the opinion about the existence of a quadripolar world is presented.