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September 10, 2025

Method for representing the electromechanical characteristics of an electric traction drive with sequentially excited DC motors

APAndrii PyrozhenkoState University of Economics and Technology YMYevhenii O. ModloState University of Economics and Technology VKViacheslav KhyzhniakState University of Economics and Technology

Key Points

Constructing electromechanical characteristics of traction electric drives reveals significant errors up to 30%.
Methods using universal characteristics and catalog data both face similar limitations in accurately representing motor behavior.
The dependence of magnetic flux on load leads to nonlinearity in DC motors with series excitation, complicating characteristic construction.
An analytical method is proposed to overcome the drawbacks of existing approaches for electromechanical characteristics.

Abstract

Abstract: The shortcomings that occur during the construction of the electromechanical characteristics of a traction electric drive with DC motors of series excitation are presented. An analysis of known methods of constructing the specified electromechanical characteristics is carried out, such as by universal characteristic, by known catalog data of the engine. Based on the analysis, a number of shortcomings of known methods of constructing the electromechanical characteristics of a traction electric drive with DC motors of series excitation and their inconsistency with existing requirements are revealed. The dependence of the magnetic flux of DC motors with series excitation on the load on the shaft is the cause of the nonlinearity of their electromechanical characteristics. Factories - manufacturers of such engines provide experimentally obtained universal characteristics (expressed in relative units). Using them, it is possible to construct a universal mechanical characteristic, from which it is possible to proceed to the characteristics of the selected engine. To do this, it is necessary to multiply the values I, M and ω laid out along the axes by their nominal values. In this case, it is usually necessary to change the scale grid of the graph, since the previous one will correspond to the fractional value of the quantities plotted on the axes. The presented method of constructing electromechanical characteristics according to the universal characteristic has an error of up to 30%, which is associated both with the nonlinearity of the electromechanical characteristics of DC motors with series excitation, and with the need for a graphic transition from the universal characteristic to the characteristic of a specific traction motor. The method of constructing electromechanical characteristics according to catalog data has similar disadvantages. A method of constructing electromechanical characteristics analytically is proposed, which allows avoiding the disadvantages.

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