How are we training obstetrics and gynecology residents around the world? A systematic review.

Objective: Globalization and increased workforce mobility have led to a rise in international medical professionals. While healthcare needs vary across societies, core competencies for specialist doctors within their respective fields may exhibit similarities. This systematic review examined global variations in obstetrics and gynecology (OBGYN) curricula to inform strategies for enhancing training and improving patient outcomes. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Education Resources Information Center databases up to July 3, 2024, using the keywords postgraduate education, postgraduate medical education, residency and gynecology and obstetrics, gynecology, or obstetrics. Results: Out of 3850 studies, four articles were selected based on selection criteria. While the length and structure of training in obstetrics and gynecology varies from country to country, the common goal is to train physicians who can perform their work safely and independently. Reduced working hours in current residency programs may hinder trainees' ability to master the expanded range of clinical skills required of modern physicians. Alternative training settings like workshops, short courses, and eLearning modules are being implemented to address this. While rotations are offered in most programs, their implementation was not documented. A common weakness across curricula is the lack of detailed information regarding assessment methods. While rotations are offered in most programs, their implementation remains undocumented. Factors such as the health system, the scope and reach of screening programs, religion, and technical development play a significant role in shaping curriculum requirements. OBGYN training should be adapted to the specific needs of each country.