Development and placement of milk production in a region with extreme natural conditions

The importance of dairy farming is determined by the need to provide the country with milk and dairy products of its own production, especially for the population of regions with severe natural conditions. In the conditions of Krasnoyarsk Krai - a representative of such regions - this task is exacerbated due to a significant increase in demand for them with limited production capabilities of these products due to climatic factors. But in recent years, the number of dairy herds and dairy products has been declining. Milk production volumes are insufficient to meet the need, which is satisfied in the region by only 66.3% of the rational norm. The development of dairy farming and consumer behavior of the population in the region are negatively affected by the growth of wealth inequality: the income of the richest residents exceeds the income of the poorest by 12.1 times. This reduces the economic availability of food, including dairy products, for the population of the region with low incomes. The production of milk and dairy products is not oriented to satisfying the need for them. The places of milk production do not coincide with the centers of its consumption, which causes the need for transportation over long distances. The efficiency of milk production and sales in the region is decreasing, profitability, even taking into account subsidies, does not ensure expanded reproduction. The level of development of dairy farming in the territory of the region varies significantly. The bulk of the dairy herd is concentrated in the Western, Eastern and Southern macro-districts with insufficient concentration in agricultural organizations, which is a consequence of irrational territorial differentiation. Significant differences in the efficiency of milk production placement have formed. The highest milk yield was achieved in the Western macro-region with relatively low labor costs and production costs, the lowest - in the Northern macro-region with severe climate discomfort. The most favorable natural and climatic conditions were formed in the Western and Eastern macro-regions of the region. Economic assessment of milk production conditions predetermines the possibilities for improving its territorial placement as a less expensive way to increase volumes and improve the efficiency of its production in the Krasnoyarsk Territory.