Managing acute exacerbations of COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory condition that has a significant impact on society. Acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPDs) are characterised by a rapid worsening of symptoms, often triggered by respiratory infections, environmental pollutants and smoking. These exacerbations accelerate disease progression and increase mortality risk while contributing to a high burden on healthcare resources. The management of AECOPDs relies on pharmacological treatments, including bronchodilators, corticosteroids and antibiotics, which must be tailored to the individual patient due to the heterogeneous nature of exacerbations. Current guidelines from the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) provide frameworks for treatment but highlight the ongoing challenges in managing AECOPDs effectively. Further research is essential to enhance understanding and optimise therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving outcomes for patients living with COPD.