Clinical profile and management of CMV retinitis in non-HIV subjects: A case series

This study aims to demonstrate the clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment modalities and outcomes for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis in non-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immunocompromised states. HIV-seronegative patients treated for CMV retinitis were studied prospectively at a single ophthalmic tertiary care center. Patients completing a minimum of 12 months of follow-up were enrolled. CMV retinitis was diagnosed and managed in nine eyes of five patients. The underlying cause of immunosuppression was as follows: hematologic malignancies (3/5), immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune disease (1/5), and unknown (1/5). Intraocular inflammation was noticed as frosted branch angiitis (66.7%, 6/9 eyes), significant vitritis (22.2%, 2/9 eyes), and anterior chamber inflammation with AC cells ≥2+ (77.8%, 7/9 eyes). The duration of systemic antiviral therapy necessary for remission was 23.78 ± 3.58 weeks. CMV retinitis in non-HIV acquired immunosuppression incites significant intraocular inflammation in the form of frosted branch angiitis, vitritis, and anterior chamber reaction.