Review of Industry 4.0 and higher education: a paradigm shift toward digital transformation

Purpose The purpose of this research article is to explore the strategies and frameworks employed for Industry 4.0 integration, study the effects of Industry 4.0 integration on student engagement and outcomes, identify the challenges faced by educators due to the integration of Industry 4.0 in higher education institutions (HEIs) and suggest curricular designs aligned with Industry 4.0 job market requirements. Finally, strategies for equitable access and the long-term impacts of Industry 4.0 integration on the education landscape and job market are identified. Design/methodology/approach Research articles from various electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science are reviewed and analyzed. Then, research gaps are identified, and six research questions are developed and addressed. Findings It has been observed that a strategic framework is required for the effective integration of Industry 4.0 technologies in HEIs. This framework should highlight collaboration between academia and industry, robust professional development programs for educators and innovative curricular designs. Integration of Industry 4.0 in HEIs has positively impacted student engagement and learning outcomes, but it also brings challenges for educators. Well-established strategies are required to bridge the digital divide and address the key concern of equitable access. In the long term, Industry 4.0 integration in HEIs will help to meet the dynamic needs of the future job market and reshape the higher education landscape. Practical implications This research provides practical implications to HEIs, policymakers and educators to effectively integrate Industry 4.0-enabled technologies. This integration will lead to improvement in teaching and learning experiences, curriculum development based on industry requirements and promotion of equitable access to education. This will drive the innovations among students and make students ready for the industry skill requirements, which will lead to sustainable economic growth. Originality/value This study provides a comprehensive review of the multifaceted impacts of Industry 4.0 technologies on higher education.