Association Between Periodontal Health and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults

Background:This study explores the association between periodontal health and cardiovascular risk factors among adults, including those with chronic illnesses or coronary artery disease. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving two groups: individuals at cardiovascular risk and a healthy control group. Clinical assessments included dental examinations, gingival inflammation index (GI), community periodontal index (CPI), and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth index (DMFT). Statistical analysis using SPSS and R software revealed significant differences between the groups. Results: Periodontal disease was observed in 41.9% of the high-risk group compared to 25.1% in the control group. Chewing difficulty was reported by 40.6% of the high-risk participants, and 17% had communication problems. Logistic regression indicated a significantly higher odds of periodontal disease among high-risk individuals (OR = 1.21, p = 0.028). The GI and CPI scores were elevated in the risk group, and notable associations were found between periodontal disease and hypertension (RR = 1.41), diabetes (RR = 1.31), and smoking (RR = 1.49). Moreover, chewing and speaking difficulties were statistically higher in the risk group. Conclusion: The findings support the hypothesis that periodontal disease is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, potentially through systemic inflammation. Regular dental checkups and improved oral hygiene should be emphasized, particularly among those with known cardiovascular risk factors. This study highlights the need for integrative healthcare approaches targeting both oral and cardiovascular health