Factors Affecting Artificial Intelligence (AI) Tools Usage by Islamic Specialization Postgraduate Student in Indonesia and Malaysia

This study explores the factors affecting the usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools by Islamic Specialization Postgraduate Students in Indonesia and Malaysia. The research aims to identify the AI tools utilized, examine the factors influencing their usage, and investigate the challenges and solutions faced by these students. The study employs a qualitative methodology, utilizing semi-structured interviews with postgraduate students from selected universities in both countries. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework guides the analysis, focusing on performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. The findings reveal that AI tools such as chatbots, text generators, translators, and paraphrasers are widely used by students to enhance their academic work. Performance expectancy and effort expectancy significantly drive AI adoption, with students appreciating the efficiency and ease of use these tools offer. Social influence from peers and lecturers, along with institutional support, also play crucial roles in encouraging AI usage. However, challenges such as accuracy issues and the depth of knowledge provided by AI tools are noted. Students often double-check AI-generated information and prefer traditional learning methods for religious inquiries to ensure accuracy and adherence to Islamic values. The study concludes that while AI tools offer substantial benefits in enhancing learning and research efficiency, their integration must be balanced with ethical considerations and traditional educational practices. Institutions should develop guidelines that align AI usage with religious and ethical frameworks and provide tailored training programs to support students from diverse cultural and religious backgrounds. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of AI adoption in Islamic education and offers practical recommendations for fostering a more inclusive and responsible use of technology in academic settings.