Efficacy of Sacituzumab Govitecan in Metastatic Breast Cancer

Background: MBC is still one of the toughest cancers to treat and chemotherapy usually does not offer a long-lasting cure. There has been good activity reported with Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG), a drug that works against TROP-2, in both clinical trials and real life. At first, it was given clearance for treating metastatic TNBC, but is now allowing for treatment of HR+ HER2-negative subtypes as well. Methods: All 48 female patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with SG during the study period were included (December 2022-March 2025). Clinical data consisted of receptor subtype, menopausal status, the presence of CNS disease, treatments given, responses to treatment, AEs and survival outcomes. PFS was reported for all patients and overall survival was reported for those who had died. All toxicities were evaluated with CTCAE v5.0. Results: 16 patients (68.8%) had TNBC, whereas 14 patients (31.2%) had HR+ disease. Patients were a median age of 51 and the sample consisted of treatments using SG as the third option or beyond. CNS metastases were found in about 1 in every 3 patients. Patients received a median overall response of 3.9 months. In patients, neutropenia, rash and pneumonitis were the most frequent AEs seen at grades 3 and 4. Immunotherapy dosage was adjusted down in almost 30% of cases, with 13% having to stop treatment because of side effects. A total of 27.1% of patients had previously been given PARP inhibitors and 43.7% had received immunotherapy. Conclusion: All together, the analysis of both types of data indicates that patients with metastatic breast cancer can benefit from Sacituzumab Govitecan, especially when used later in treatment. It is safe to use, having the same or fewer side effects, while still improving both PFS and OS in patients. The results suggest that SG can contribute to updating MBC treatment strategies and point out the need for more research on finding the best ways to treat people with MBC in the brain.