Diagnostic efficacy of multimodal MRI combined with ICAM-1 for cognitive impairment after intracerebral hemorrhage

We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in detecting cognitive impairment (CI) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Clinical data were collected from 130 patients with ICH, all of whom received brain MRI to assess imaging characteristics, including white matter lesion (WML) scores, the number of cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), fractional anisotropy (FA) values, and apparent diffusion coefficients. Serum ICAM-1 levels were detected. At a 3-month follow-up, patients were classified into a CI group (n = 57) and an non-CI group (n = 73) according to Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The diagnostic value of multimodal MRI parameters and ICAM-1 levels was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent predictors of CI after ICH. Patients in the CI group were older and had a higher prevalence of hypertension than the non-CI group. They also exhibited higher WML scores, greater CMB counts, and elevated serum ICAM-1 level, and lower FA values in the basal ganglia, parietal lobe, and frontotemporal regions. The combination of multimodal MRI parameters with ICAM-1 levels showed superior diagnostic accuracy compared to individual indicators. Logistic regression identified hypertension, WML score, basal ganglia FA value, parietal lone FA value, and ICAM-1 levels were independent factors of CI after ICH. Multimodal MRI parameters and serum ICAM-1 levels have high diagnostic value for identifying CI after ICH. Hypertension, WML score, reduced FA value in specific brain regions, and elevated ICAM-1 levels are closely associated with CI after ICH.