Communication Devices “Pagers” Explosions in Lebanon: Challenges and Lessons Learned from an Unusual Mass Casualty Incident

Abstract A novel type of mass casualty incident (MCI) occurred in Lebanon in September 2024, involving the detonation of weaponized communication devices “pagers and 2-way radios.” The explosions resulted in 2931 injuries and 37 fatalities. This article explores the unique challenges posed by this event. It also highlights lessons learned to improve disaster preparedness and response strategies, emphasizing the importance of flexible triage, resilient communication systems, and comprehensive surge capacity.