Grassroots Perspectives on Solid Waste Challenges: Identifying Disposal Barriers through a Bottom-Up Approach

Globally, solid waste management (SWM) continues to be a major environmental concern and Solid waste production has increased due to rapid urbanisation and population growth, making effective waste management systems necessary. This study explored the barriers to effective waste disposal at dumping points in Hisar city, focusing on personal, social, physical, economic, technical, and environmental factors. Data were collected from 50 residents and 25 sanitation workers (including Sweepers and supervisors/nodal officers) using structured surveys. The results revealed that hazardous and electronic waste were the most difficult to manage, with time constraints (62%) and lack of awareness (20%) being major hindrances to proper segregation. Social factors such as lack of social responsibility (52%) and residents’ apathy (48%) also limited community engagement. Physical barriers included partial road access (58%) and limited space for composting (56%), while economic challenges like time limitations (46%) and lack of knowledge on recycling (22%) reduced participation in waste reduction practices. Sweepers reported issues like social stigma, low wages, and occupational health risks, while supervisors highlighted inadequate infrastructure and harsh working conditions. Statistical analysis showed significant associations between waste disposal barriers and variables such as family size, gender, and media exposure. The study concludes that a multidimensional approach involving awareness, infrastructure, community participation, and worker support is essential to overcome the barriers to effective urban waste management.