Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (2025 edition).

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS) is an important cause of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA), which can also lead to cognitive impairment and dementia. Overall, the prevalence of ICAS is significantly higher in Asian than in Western countries/regions. In recent years, new evidence has emerged regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, assessment, prognosis and treatment of ICAS, hence there have been guidelines or consensus statements published on the topic in other countries/regions. To better guide the screening, diagnosis and treatment of ICAS in China, the Chinese Research Hospital Association, the Neurointerventional Professional Committee of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and the Branch of Cerebrovascular Function & Disease convened an expert panel to develop the'Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Intracranial Atherosclerotic Stenosis (2025 edition). The guidelines are developed based on published research evidence and in reference to relevant domestic and international guidelines or expert consensus, aiming to further clarify the definition, epidemiology and prognosis of ICAS and profiles of high-risk ICAS patients, and provide 30 recommendations on screening, diagnosis, assessment and treatment strategies based on current evidence. We also aim to enhance awareness and understanding of ICAS among clinical and research professionals, promote standardized patient management, and ultimately reduce the prevalence of ICAS and the subsequent risks of stroke, cognitive impairment and other clinical events, thereby improving patient outcomes.