Impact indicators in watershed management: a systematic review protocol

This study analyzes sustainability assessment indicators utilized in various phases of water resource management decision-making. An exploratory, descriptive, and evaluative methodology integrates qualitative and quantitative approaches based on a systematic literature review of peer-reviewed academic articles published between January 2013 and January 2023. The research identifies and analyzes principal impact assessment indicators, offering a substantial contribution to water resource managers. The systematic review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines, focusing on studies containing evaluation indicators used for interventions and the implementation of policies and action plans by governmental or institutional entities in water resources management. Key findings emphasize the significance of the water footprint as a sustainability indicator and a framework for water security that ensures adequate water access. Specific indicators for groundwater, such as AGWaRe, which assesses available groundwater, and QQWYE, which integrates water quantity and quality, are highlighted as vital for guiding sustainable policies and practices. The implementation of these indicators is critical for achieving sustainable water resource management by facilitating a comprehensive evaluation of environmental impacts. The study suggests implementing evaluation indicators to guide policies and practices for sustainable water resource management. Water stress emerged as a key indicator to assess water's rational use.