Elder abuse in Europe’s “most elderly” city: an update of the phenomenon based on the cases reported to the Penal Court of Genoa from 2020 to 2023 and literature review

Elder abuse is a global problem, with literature indicating that one in six elderly individuals is a potential victim. In this study, we delve into reported cases of elder abuse brought to the attention of the Judicial Authority in the Genoa area between 2020 and 2023. Our objective is twofold: first, to conduct a detailed analysis of epidemiological data to quantify the incidence and characteristics of this phenomenon; second, to critically examine the medico-legal and clinical aspects emerging from these cases, aiming to contribute to a deeper understanding and improved management of this social and health issue. We analysed data on reports of abuse processed by the Court of Genoa from 2020 to 2023. These findings were then compared with data from the previous 10-year period and with existing literature. A total of 1011 reports related to offenses concerning violations of family assistance obligations, abuse of means of correction or discipline, maltreatment of family members and cohabitants, personal injury, abandonment of minors or incapacitated persons, and circumvention of incapacitated persons were identified. Among 24,144 judgments, 200 relevant to potential elder abuse situations were examined. The findings indicate that abuse was predominantly perpetrated within the domestic setting and primarily by the victims' relatives. Key risk factors identified included the victim's female gender, their dependency on others, and the perpetrator's concurrent mental illness or substance abuse. Elder abuse, therefore, constitutes an extremely complex and heterogeneous problem, presenting an infinite number of manifestations and facets, making it difficult to perceive and identify.