Background and aim: This narrative review aims to synthesize the various factors that contribute to postpartum weight retention and excessive weight gain during the postpartum period. Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases to identify published studies examining factors associated with postpartum weight retention and weight gain. The search covered articles published between 1995 and 2025. Results: This narrative review identified a multifactorial interplay of determinants influencing postpartum weight retention and weight gain. The key factors were grouped into four categories: Obstetrics factors included high pre-pregnancy BMI, high gestational weight gain, primiparity, non-exclusive breastfeeding, and cesarean delivery. Behavioral factors encompassed high-calorie dietary patterns, sedentary activity, and the adoption of inadequate weight loss practices. Environmental and psychological factors comprised maternal depression, stress and anxiety, employment status, insufficient sleep, lower educational attainment, lack of partner support, and smoking. Genetic and hormonal factors involved individual genetic predisposition and postpartum hormonal fluctuations. Conclusion: A holistic, multifaceted approach is essential for effective weight management, promoting long-term maternal health and well-being. Key words: Postpartum weight retention, Postpartum weight management, Postpartum obesity, Postpartum weight gain, Narrative review.
Madan et al. (Wed,) studied this question.