Blockchain Applications in Supply Chain Management: A Review of Transparency and Traceability Solutions

As global supply chains become increasingly complex and susceptible to disruption, the need for transparency, trust, and traceability has never been greater. Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising tool to address these challenges by providing immutable, decentralized, and verifiable data across supply chain networks. This article reviews current applications of blockchain in supply chain management (SCM), with a focus on its role in enhancing transparency and traceability. It explores real-world use cases across various industries—such as food, pharmaceuticals, and luxury goods—and highlights the technological, organizational, and regulatory challenges involved. The paper concludes with future directions for integrating blockchain into mainstream supply chain systems.