The economy of Indonesia is shaped by key factors such as human resources and community consumption patterns, both of which are vital for sustainable growth. This research employs a qualitative approach through a comprehensive literature review of secondary data from authoritative sources, including official statistics and scholarly publications from 2023 to 2025. The analysis reveals that investing in education and healthcare enhances human capital, which significantly impacts productivity, innovation, and global competitiveness. Household consumption, constituting 60-65% of GDP, is the primary driver of economic growth, with sustainable and environmentally conscious consumption gaining importance. The results suggest that Indonesia should prioritize investments in human capital development, promote responsible consumption, and strengthen SME support systems to achieve inclusive economic growth. Ultimately, sustained focus on these areas can bolster Indonesia’s economic resilience, improve social welfare, and promote sustainable development, ensuring a robust and inclusive economy for the future
Leksono et al. (Thu,) studied this question.