We report the development of a colony of threatened Newell’s Shearwater Puffinus newelli (NESH) at Makamaka‘ole, West Maui, USA, a successful first undertaking in the Hawaiian Islands. Efforts involved the construction of two predator-proof fenced areas, removal/control of predators, placement of nest boxes, and social attraction using recorded calls and decoys. Initially, one of the management areas was intended for Hawaiian Petrel Pterodroma sandwichensis (HAPE) and the other for NESH. Exclosures were completed and mammalian predators were removed in 2013, and social attraction began in 2014. Both species almost immediately began flyovers to inspect speakers and by 2015, they had landed to inspect nest sites. Cameras recorded activity at nests during which individuals showed interest and, in at least one case, competed for the same nest. The first NESH eggs were laid in 2017, by which time HAPE had lost interest. NESH numbers continued to grow, especially after more speakers were added in 2019, when at least one but as many as five NESH chicks fledged. Two main questions arose: 1) What was the source population from which NESH had come, given their near extirpation on Maui? and 2) Why did HAPE, which are abundant in East Maui and on the nearby island of La¯na‘i, eventually lose interest? Better understanding the population and behavioral ecology of these species might well inform planning for similar projects elsewhere in Hawai‘i.
Spencer et al. (Mon,) studied this question.