Impact of Primary Sjogren Syndrome (pSS) on Sexual Life, Quality of Sleep and Chemosensory Function of Female Patients—A Systematic Review

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) on sexual life, quality of sleep and chemosensory function of female patients. We conducted a thorough search of electronic bibliographic databases including MEDLINE via PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. The search covered studies published from 15 September 2015 to 30 September 2023, using the terms ‘Sjogren’s syndrome’ combined with other relevant keywords. We selected studies based on the PICO model (Population, Intervention, Control, Outcome) and study design criteria. Fourteen articles met our inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that female patients with pSS experience significant impairments in sexual function, sleep quality and chemosensory abilities. Specifically, their sense of smell and taste is often diminished, and these sensory deficits are related to dryness of mucosal surfaces. Additionally, women with pSS frequently suffer from vaginal dryness and painful intercourse, likely due to inflammation and dryness of the vaginal mucosa. Fatigue, a common extra-glandular symptom of pSS, is associated with sleep disturbances, reduced quality of life and functional impairments. This systematic review highlights that female patients with pSS often experience notable impairments in chemosensory functions (both olfactory and gustatory), sexual function and sleep quality.