Beyond the metrics: Exploring key factors that influence how older residents experience age-friendliness in everyday life

The World Health Organization’s Age-Friendly Cities and Communities’ (AFCC) framework has been widely adopted to improve urban environments for ageing populations. However, quantitative assessments such as the Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Questionnaire (AFCCQ) may not fully capture the everyday life experiences of older adults. This study explores what key factors influence older adults’ experiences of age-friendliness in the Leidschenveen-Ypenburg district of The Hague, the district with the lowest scores for age-friendliness. Using a multiple-case study design, we conducted in-depth qualitative research involving eight older participants. Data collection methods included AFCCQ surveys, semi-structured interviews, and home and neighbourhood observations. Thematic analysis revealed four key factors shaping age-friendly experiences: social support networks, physical limitations, financial constraints, and coping strategies. Where social support networks, physical limitations and coping strategies influenced both the social and physical environment, the financial constraints factor was most influencing experiences in the physical environment. Findings highlight the importance of addressing systemic barriers, enhancing social connectivity, and supporting adaptive strategies to improve the everyday life experience of older residents. This study offers critical implications for policymakers and urban planners striving to create truly inclusive and age-friendly environments.