This study explores the defence strategies of the Baltic states â Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania â focusing on the development of their national reserve forces as a response to increased security threats from Russia. Utilizing Regional Security Complex Theory and a modified DOTMLPFP framework, this comparative analysis examines each nationâs unique approach to conscription and volunteer defence organizations. Estoniaâs continuous conscription model, Latviaâs recent reintroduction of conscription, and Lithuaniaâs hybrid reserve strategy all emphasize the Total Defence model, integrating society-wide participation in national defence. Findings indicate that these models, tailored to the Baltic context, enhance military readiness, recruitment, and societal resilience. The research provides critical insights for NATO members and similar states, highlighting the role of adaptable, comprehensive defence frameworks amid growing geopolitical tensions.
Zwiefelhofer et al. (Wed,) studied this question.