In the implementation of the 2018 General Education Curriculum, which focuses on developing students’ qualities and competencies, primary school students from ethnic minority groups in Vietnam face numerous challenges. These include limited proficiency in Vietnamese, difficult socio-economic conditions, a lack of teaching resources, and multilingual learning environments. Therefore, the application of the national curriculum and textbooks requires flexibility and adaptation to the specific characteristics of the learners and local teaching conditions. This paper proposes several pedagogical orientations: integrating local cultural elements into learning activities; adjusting content and teaching methods toward differentiation and integration; enhancing the use of visual aids; and strengthening teacher capacity. These solutions aim to ensure equitable access to education and improve the quality of teaching and learning for ethnic minority students.
Dang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.