Latest Research Progress in High-Purity Material Purification Technology

High-purity metals, defined as metals with impurity levels minimized to achieve purity, typically ≥99.999% (5N grade), constitute critical raw materials and serve as essential supporting components for modern high-technology industries. Common examples include high-purity indium, gallium, germanium, magnesium, lithium, aluminum, tin, tellurium, and titanium. These materials find extensive applications in semiconductor manufacturing, aerospace engineering, energy technologies, and healthcare sectors. The exceptionally low impurity content confers superior properties upon high-purity metals compared to those of their industrial-grade counterparts. Consequently, products fabricated from these materials exhibit enhanced performance, stability, and controllability, thereby meeting the stringent requirements of downstream high-precision applications. This review comprehensively examines established techniques for the preparation and purification of high-purity metals, encompassing extraction, ion exchange, electrolysis, zone melting, distillation, and single-crystal growth, and summarizes the state-of-the-art advancements in these methodologies.