Factors Influencing Effective School Management in Selected Public Secondary Schools in Lusaka District

The study explored the factors influencing effective school management in selected public secondary schools in Lusaka District. A mixed-methods research design was adopted, combining questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with head teachers, teachers, and PTA committee members to gather both quantitative and qualitative data. Stratified random sampling was used to select 150 teachers and 50 PTA representatives to ensure representation across gender and teaching experience. Then purposive sampling was applied to select 10 head teachers, as they hold key administrative roles. Data from questionnaires were quantitatively analysed using SPSS version 26 with descriptive and inferential statistics, interview data were thematically analysed, and findings from both approaches were integrated to provide a comprehensive understanding of factors influencing effective school management. Findings revealed that effective school management is largely determined by leadership practices, resource allocation and accountability, stakeholder participation, and the enforcement of school rules and policies. Schools with strong instructional leadership, transparent resource management, and collaborative decision-making were found to perform better in maintaining discipline and achieving academic goals. However, gaps were noted in leadership training, timely resource provision, and stakeholder involvement, which hindered the full realization of effective management practices. The study concluded that strengthening leadership capacity, enhancing accountability systems, and promoting inclusive governance are essential for improving school management. It recommended regular professional development for school leaders and the establishment of stronger accountability and participatory decision-making structures.