Revolutionizing Infection Control: The Role of Bacteriophage Therapy in Combating Antimicrobial Resistance

The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has intensified the global pursuit of innovative therapeutic alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Bacteriophage therapy, a century-old approach that employs viruses to selectively target and lyse bacterial pathogens, has re-emerged as a credible strategy for managing multi-drug resistant (MDR) infections that no longer respond to traditional treatments. This documentary research examines the current relevance, clinical feasibility, and practical implications of integrating bacteriophage therapy into modern infection control frameworks. A purposive, systematic review of thirty peer-reviewed sources was conducted, encompassing empirical studies, clinical trials, compassionate-use reports, and expert analyses published primarily within the last fifteen years. The evidence was analyzed to identify infection types most frequently treated, geographical trends in research and application, clinical outcomes, development stages, administration routes, and formulation strategies. The results confirm that bacteriophage therapy demonstrates considerable therapeutic potential, with the majority of documented interventions reporting complete or partial resolution of resistant infections. Notably, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus remain the primary targets of phage-based interventions, while Europe and North America lead in advancing clinical development and translational research. The evolution of phage formulations from natural isolates to sophisticated genetically engineered constructs reflects the field’s adaptability and technological progress. Despite these advances, critical barriers persist, including regulatory challenges, the limited number of Phase III trials, and the need for robust phage banks and standardized clinical protocols. This study concludes that bacteriophage therapy represents a viable adjunct or alternative to conventional antimicrobials, contributing meaningful theoretical and practical insights to the field. Its successful integration into mainstream infection control strategies will depend on sustained interdisciplinary research, regulatory innovation, and equitable access to ensure its full potential is realized in the global fight against AMR.