Interaction between operational units and pre-trial investigation authorities during the execution of a search

The article explores the legal and organizational foundations of interaction between investigators and operational units during pre-trial investigations, with particular focus on the execution of searches. The concept of interaction between investigators and operational units is defined as coordinated activities of investigators (inquiry officers) and operational units of the National Police, the Security Service of Ukraine, the State Bureau of Investigation, and other authorized agencies, aimed at effectively detecting, documenting, preventing, and solving criminal offenses, as well as ensuring the proper evidentiary support in criminal proceedings. It is established that such interaction constitutes an essential condition for the effective detection, documentation, and prevention of criminal offenses. The article emphasizes both procedural and practical aspects of coordinating actions among participants in criminal proceedings during the execution of a search. Special attention is paid to the challenges arising under the legal regime of martial law, particularly during air raids, when the prolonged conduct of searches becomes extremely dangerous — thereby underscoring the critical importance of operational officers’ assistance. Based on an analysis of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and the case law of the Supreme Court, the article identifies common violations committed during the involvement of operational personnel in search procedures. These include conducting this investigative (detective) action by unauthorized individuals or without proper documentation of their participation. The article highlights the importance of officially recording the participation of operational personnel in the search protocol and the necessity of clearly defining their roles. The expediency of amending the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine is substantiated, particularly with regard to expanding the powers of operational personnel to participate in searches, provided that an investigator is mandatorily present. It is concluded that such legislative initiatives would contribute to the unification of procedural norms, ensure an adequate evidentiary framework, and improve both the efficiency and effectiveness of this investigative (detective) action. The proposed amendments have the potential to enhance the overall effectiveness of crime prevention through improved cooperation between pre-trial investigation bodies and operational units.