This scientific article presents an in-depth analysis of international legal protection of copyright and related rights, with a particular focus on the digital age. The study examines foundational international agreements such as the Berne Convention, the TRIPS Agreement, WIPO treaties (WCT and WPPT), and EU Directive 2019/790. It emphasizes how these instruments have shaped the global framework for intellectual property protection and influenced the development of national legislation. The paper further discusses the role of major international institutions – WIPO, WTO, UNESCO, and the European Union – in promoting harmonized legal standards. A comparative overview is provided, analyzing practices in Germany, France, the United States, Switzerland, and Poland. These examples demonstrate different approaches to legal enforcement and highlight the integration of technological tools such as blockchain, content recognition systems, and NFT-based authentication. Key digital challenges are identified, including online piracy, the rise of AI-generated content, and the responsibility of digital platforms in ensuring copyright compliance. Special attention is given to the emerging debate on authorship of machine-generated works and the necessity to update traditional legal doctrines accordingly. The article stresses the urgency of establishing frameworks that reflect the realities of the digital creative process. In the Ukrainian context, the article examines legal reforms and the creation of the Ukrainian IP Office. It highlights advancements in digitization of rights registration but also points to critical gaps – lack of IP-specialized courts, low legal awareness among creators and users, and insufficient coordination in enforcement. The study also underlines the value of public education and cross-border cooperation as complementary tools. The conclusion proposes targeted policy measures, including regulatory modernization, integration of advanced rights-management technologies, increased international dialogue, and capacity-building among rightsholders in Ukraine and similar jurisdictions.
Niemichev et al. (Mon,) studied this question.