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This is a Literature Review study.

September 10, 2025Open Access

Factors Causing Delays in Patient Stay Time in the Emergency Department: A LITERATURE REVIEW STUDY

Key Points

Prolonged emergency department length of stay significantly decreases patient satisfaction and increases clinical risk.
Key input factors for delayed stay include patient age, gender, and acuity level, along with transportation access.
Review analyzed 11 articles discussing factors affecting emergency department service efficiency and patient outcomes.
Addressing delayed length of stay calls for sustainable interventions, including technology-based innovations and staff training.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Prolonged emergency department (ED) length of stay (LOS) is a key indicator of hospital service efficiency and quality. Extended LOS can lead to decreased patient satisfaction, increased clinical risk, and higher workload for medical staff.Purpose: To identify and analyze the factors contributing to delayed LOS in ED using the input–throughput–output model.Methods: A total of 11 national and international articles from 2020 to 2024 were reviewed. Each study was analyzed based on the type of contributing factor and dominant findings.Results: Input factors include patient age, gender, acuity level, and transportation access. Throughput factors consist of triage, diagnostic examinations, and medical consultations. Output factors are mainly related to inpatient bed availability and patient transfer systems. Several studies also highlighted the role of staff training and family knowledge in influencing LOS.Discussion: Delayed ED LOS is a multidimensional issue that requires systemic interventions. Technology-based innovations, service flow optimization, and public education should be integrated into sustainable ED management strategies. Keyword: Contributing Factors, Delayed Service, Emergency Department (ED), Patient Length of Stay

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