Abstract Transmission lines play a critical role in efficient and reliable distribution of electrical power. Distance relays constitute an essential component in safeguarding these lines by promptly and accurately detecting faults, thereby minimizing disruptions and ensuring system stability. However, the distance relays are accompanied by numerous challenges, particularly in fault detection during critical cases. The study explores the significance and challenges of distance relays in transmission lines, focusing on fault detection during faults and critical events. In order to mitigate these cases, a novel protection algorithm is proposed, using the Covariance of superimposed three-phase instantaneous active power method (COSTIAP), to enhance fault detection accuracy and section identification. Voltage and currents are considered as input signals and are measured from the relay end. The proposed method undergoes extensive test validations to evaluate its efficacy and dependability on a three-terminal transmission network integrated with a wind farm, operating at 400 kV and 50 Hz. The results show that the algorithm enhances the distance relay system’s dependability in various failure scenarios and operational settings. Hence transmission line protection systems, offering a more robust solution for ensuring grid reliability by renewable integration and complex fault scenarios.
Etukuri et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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