Gendered Dimensions of Architectural Practice in the Developing World: Exploring the Role and Representation of Women in Architecture

Abstract This study examines the gendered aspects of architectural practice in developing world, focusing on the roles, experiences, and representation of women in the profession. Despite an increase in the number of women enrolment into architectural education and practice worldwide, female architects in many developing countries continue to encounter systemic barriers that hinder their full participation and advancement. Using a multi-case qualitative methodology, this study examines empirical data from Nigeria, India, and Kenya—three culturally varied but equally challenged contexts in the global South. Through interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis, the study explores the intersecting institutional, socio-cultural, and economic constraints that limit women's visibility, influence, and leadership opportunities within architectural practice. The findings demonstrate deeply entrenched gender biases in architecture education, exclusionary practices and discriminatory behaviour inside architectural firms, and persistent challenges related to work-life balance and domestic expectations. Furthermore, the lack of effective mentorship structures, supportive policies, and inclusive professional networks exacerbates women's marginalization in the sector. The study highlights how these factors collectively sustain male-dominated professional hierarchies and contribute to women's underrepresentation in senior and decision-making roles. In response, the article proposes a paradigm shift toward more inclusive, gender-sensitive frameworks in architectural education, professional licensing processes, and institutional policies. It emphasizes the importance of deconstructing patriarchal norms embedded in the profession and to create supportive environments that empower women architects. By documenting lived experiences, institutional critiques, and significant success stories of female practitioners, this study adds to the expanding body of scholarship advocating for transformative change in architecture. Finally, it aims to contribute to academic discourse and policy initiatives targeted at promoting gender equity and professional justice in architecture across the global South.