Advances in Diagnosis and Clinical Management Strategies for Liver Trauma

Liver trauma, a common and severe surgical emergency, refers to injuries caused by various external forces acting on the liver. The causes of liver trauma are diverse, with direct external impacts such as traffic accidents, falls from heights, and violent collisions being frequent contributors. Additionally, iatrogenic procedures like improper liver biopsy techniques may also lead to liver trauma. Clinically, symptoms vary depending on the severity and extent of injury. Mild cases might present with localized symptoms like right upper abdominal pain and tenderness, while severe cases could result in massive intra-abdominal bleeding accompanied by shock symptoms, including pallor, rapid heart rate, and hypotension, along with gastrointestinal manifestations such as nausea and vomiting. Treatment approaches differ significantly: For minor injuries, conservative management typically involves bed rest, close monitoring of vital signs, hemostasis, and anti-infection measures. In critical scenarios involving liver rupture or massive hemorrhage, immediate surgical intervention is required to repair liver damage and control bleeding.