Stress Distribution Analysis Of Extra-Short Implants With Straight Abutments Under Axial Loading: A Finite Element Study

Background: In scenarios of limited bone height, extra-short implants offer a minimally invasive option. However, biomechanical behavior under functional loading remains critical for success. Objective: To evaluate stress distribution in cortical and cancellous bone, abutment, implant, and surrounding structures when two extra-short implants with straight abutments are subjected to axial load, using finite element analysis. Methods: 3D models of two extra-short implants (5×4 mm and 5×5 mm) with straight abutments were created using CATIA and analyzed using ANSYS Workbench. Axial forces of 150 N were applied. Von Mises stress values were recorded. Results: The 5×5 mm straight implant showed the lowest stress values in all components compared to the 5×4 mm implant. Stress was highest in cortical bone, followed by implant, abutment, crown, and cement. Conclusion: The larger-diameter short implant (5×5 mm) with a straight abutment demonstrated better stress distribution under axial loading, suggesting improved biomechanical stability.