Integrating Sustainable Design and Digital Technologies in Urban Residential Architecture: A Framework for Affordable and Eco-Friendly Housing

Rapid urbanization in developing countries has intensified the demand for affordable housing while exposing critical gaps in environmental sustainability. Balancing affordability with eco-friendly practices remains a major challenge, as many low-cost housing initiatives overlook sustainability due to cost constraints, leading to long-term inefficiencies and environmental degradation. This study proposes an integrated framework that combines sustainable design principles with digital technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM), modular construction, and smart energy systems to support the development of affordable, eco-friendly urban housing. Using a mixed-methods approach, this research employs bibliometric analysis, systematic literature review (SLR), and policy document analysis to explore global trends, evaluate practice efficiency, and identify policy gaps. Key findings highlight three central themes: construction and energy cost-efficiency, financial accessibility, and sustainable architectural design. Innovative practices such as the use of renewable energy, green materials, and digital planning tools are shown to enhance housing sustainability and community resilience. However, significant gaps persist in policy integration, financial mechanisms, and scalability. The paper also examines the social impact of sustainable housing, emphasizing improvements in quality of life, social equity, and community engagement. Case studies from various countries illustrate how sustainable urban design can reduce environmental footprints while fostering inclusive, walkable neighborhoods. This research provides a practical framework for policymakers, architects, and urban planners to develop eco-conscious, affordable housing solutions that meet both environmental and social needs.