As climate change accelerates, forests play a pivotal role in global carbon dynamics by providing both carbon sequestration and ecosystem resilience. This review synthesizes two decades (2004-2024) of research on the interrelationships between forest carbon sequestration, carbon credit mechanisms, and the economic dimensions of sustainable forest management (SFM). Despite substantial progress, notable gaps persist in the economic valuation of forest carbon credits and their integration into SFM strategies. Drawing on systematic analysis of Web of Science data, it examines four core interconnected research themes: (i) global trends and international collaboration in forest carbon research, (ii) economic valuation of forest ecosystem services to mitigate deforestation and enhance sequestration, (iii) the influence of forest management practices, species diversity, and climate zones on soil organic carbon and its economic value, and (iv) the interplay between economic, ecological, and policy drivers shaping carbon credit markets. Findings reveal a 12.16 % annual growth rate in publications, strong global collaboration (39.11 % co-authorship), and priority research themes such as aboveground biomass, climate change, carbon storage, and carbon credits. Recent emphasis has shifted toward advanced tools (e.g., LiDAR), sustainable management approaches, and interdisciplinary strategies, reflecting a broader focus on climate resilience and policy integration. SFM practices, such as agroforestry, selective logging, and afforestation, emerge as effective for enhancing carbon stocks while generating economic returns. Persistent challenges include policy inconsistencies, insufficient community participation, and a lack of standardized methods for carbon measurement and valuation. Regional disparities in carbon values complicate international trading and climate agreements. Overall, the review offers practical insights for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners by connecting forest management, carbon sequestration, and economic incentives. Moreover, it underscores the need for long-term, socio-economically integrated studies, strengthened policy frameworks, and enhanced cooperation to align SFM with global sustainability objectives.
Gorain et al. (Mon,) studied this question.