The human oral microbiome consists of approximately five hundred to seven hundred microbial species, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses that coexist within a finely tuned ecosystem. his microbial equilibrium is essential for maintaining both oral and systemic health. Recent studies have increasingly linked oral dysbiosis to the development of various systemic conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory infections, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. This study aims to review the current literature on the role of the oral microbiome in systemic health and to explore the mechanisms by which oral microbial imbalance may contribute to systemic diseases. A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar databases, covering the period from January 2020 to May 2025. The keywords “role,” “oral microbiome,” and “systemic health” were combined using the Boolean operator AND. Fourteen articles were initially identified, of which six full-text papers met the inclusion criteria for detailed review. This review underscores the critical role of the oral microbiome in maintaining homeostasis within the oral cavity and its significant implications for systemic health. The oral cavity hosts a highly diverse microbial ecosystem composed of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that interact closely with host tissues and immune responses. While these microorganisms contribute to oral health under balanced conditions, dysbiosis can lead to both local oral diseases and systemic pathologies.
Balafif et al. (Thu,) studied this question.