The integration of 5G technology with cloud and edge computing is redefining the digital landscape by enabling ultra-fast connectivity, low-latency communication, and scalable solutions across diverse application domains. This paper investigates the synergistic impact of 5G on cloud-to-edge architectures, emphasizing its transformative role in revolutionizing sectors such as healthcare, smart cities, industrial automation, and autonomous systems. Key advancements in 5G—including Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC), and Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC)—are examined for their role in enabling real-time data processing, edge intelligence, and IoT scalability. In addition to conceptual analysis, the paper presents simulation-based evaluations comparing 5G cloud-to-edge systems with traditional 4G cloud models. Quantitative results demonstrate significant improvements in latency, energy efficiency, reliability, and AI prediction accuracy. The study also explores challenges in infrastructure deployment, cybersecurity, and latency management while highlighting the growing opportunities for innovation in AI-driven automation and immersive consumer technologies. Future research directions are outlined, focusing on energy-efficient designs, advanced security mechanisms, and equitable access to 5G infrastructure. Overall, this study offers comprehensive insights and performance benchmarks that will serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners working to advance next-generation digital ecosystems.
Altowaijri et al. (Sat,) studied this question.