January 1, 2025Open Access

Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment Patterns of Hypertension in Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Quantitative Literature Analysis

Key Points

Treatment strategies focusing on calming the liver and resolving phlegm and dampness showed significant effectiveness in addressing primary hypertension.
The study identified nine pathogenesis patterns, with hyperactivity of liver yang being the most prevalent at 54.73% of cases examined.
Through the analysis of randomized controlled trials, the research established key TCM formulas and their usage frequencies in managing hypertension.
Findings suggest a strong link between hyperactivity of liver yang and primary hypertension, highlighting the importance of tailored TCM approaches.

Abstract

Objective: To analyze clinical studies on the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of primary hypertension through mathematical analysis, aiming to explore the pathogenesis, treatment approaches, and formula patterns in TCM. Methods: A comprehensive search of both domestic and international databases was conducted to gather randomized controlled trials on TCM for primary hypertension. Data were extracted and analyzed to assess the pathogenesis, treatment strategies, and the frequency of prescription usage in TCM. Results: A total of nine TCM pathogenesis patterns related to primary hypertension were identified. The three most frequent patterns were hyperactivity of liver yang (54.73%), internal accumulation of phlegm‐damp (28.40%), and blood stasis (12.35%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between hyperactivity of liver yang and other pathogenesis patterns ( p < 0.05). Eleven treatment strategies related to TCM for this disease were identified. The three most frequent methods were calming the liver and subduing yang (54.73%), resolving phlegm and dampness (28.81%), and tonifying the spleen (20.99%). The method of calming the liver and subduing yang was found to be significantly more effective ( p < 0.05). Seventy‐five relevant TCM treatment formulas were collected, with the three most commonly used being Tianma Gouteng decoction (20.58%), Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction (11.93%), and Zhengan Xifeng decoction (4.53%). A significant difference was observed between Tianma Gouteng decoction and other formulas ( p < 0.05). The three most frequently used TCMs were Gastrodia elata (81.40%), Ostreae Testa (41.74%), and Mother of Pearl (40.50%). A significant difference was found between Gastrodia elata and other Chinese medicines ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: The primary pathogenesis of primary hypertension is associated with hyperactivity of liver yang and internal accumulation of phlegm‐damp. The main treatment strategies are calming the liver and subduing yang, as well as resolving phlegm and dampness. Tianma Gouteng decoction, Banxia Baizhu Tianma decoction, and Zhengan Xifeng decoction are the most frequently used formulas in the treatment of primary hypertension. Gastrodia elata, Ostreae Testa, and Mother of Pearl are the most commonly used TCMs.

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