The global imperative to decarbonize energy systems and mitigate climate change has catalyzed intense research and development into alternative energy carriers. Hydrogen, the most abundant element in preconceived universe, is emerging as a pivotal vector in this transition, offering a versatile, high-energy-density fuel that can be produced from various sources. This paper explores the burgeoning "Hydrogen Horizon," focusing on the technical innovations driving its advancement, particularly within the renewable energy paradigm. It critically compares blue hydrogen (produced from fossil fuels with carbon capture) and green hydrogen (produced from renewable electricity via electrolysis), examining their respective production processes, economic viabilities, and environmental implications using relevant data. The pros and cons of different hydrogen production pathways are discussed, alongside a comparative analysis with the incumbent oil and gas industry. The paper concludes that while blue hydrogen may serve as a transitional technology, green hydrogen, propelled by continuous technical innovation, holds the ultimate promise for a truly sustainable energy future.
Rajesh Dominic Savio (Wed,) studied this question.