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August 19, 2025Open Access

Maladaptive Personality Traits in Primary Care: Validation of the German Modified Brief Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID5BF + M)

Key Points

The PID5BF + M effectively assesses maladaptive personality traits, with significant correlations to depression and anxiety.
Factorial validity was confirmed with metrics including CFI of 0.949 and RMSEA of 0.044, indicating strong model fit.
Patients in primary care showed lower maladaptive personality traits compared to the general population, highlighting an important disparity.
The findings support using PID5BF + M for identifying personality pathology and mental health indicators in primary care settings.

Abstract

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the modified brief Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID5BF + M) in primary care (PC) using data from n = 1,030 German patients. Furthermore, differences in maladaptive personality traits between PC patients and the general population were explored. Confirmatory factor analysis supported factorial validity (CFI = 0.949, TLI = 0.942, RMSEA = 0.044, and SRMR = 0.058). Reliability was adequate across domain scales (ωH: 0.75-0.85). PID5BF + M total and domain scale scores, particularly negative affectivity, correlated significantly positively with depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7), and somatic symptoms (PHQ-15), indicating convergent validity. Regression analyses showed PC to be associated with lower levels of maladaptive personality traits, compared with a representative German population sample (n = 4,172). These findings highlight the PID5BF + M as a valid and reliable tool for assessing personality pathology and maladaptive traits in PC, enabling general practitioners to screen for transdiagnostic indicators of mental health conditions.

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