An Iot Based Smart Grid System for Advanced Communication

The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming traditional systems by enabling autonomous device communication, data sharing, and real-time monitoring without centralized control. In the context of electric power systems, IoT enables the development of intelligent environments that optimize energy usage and reliability. Traditional electric grids, composed of aging infrastructure and diverse power generation units (coal, gas, hydro, etc.), face challenges in maintenance, scalability, and efficiency. Upgrading these systems requires significant investments and time. Smart Grid (SG) technology, enhanced by IoT integration, introduces a cyber–physical system that supports two-way communication between devices. This advancement allows the grid to recognize and respond to dynamic energy demands while facilitating the incorporation of renewable energy sources. IoT Infrastructure (IoTI) offers a flexible, secure platform for monitoring and managing operations under diverse conditions. This paper presents a comprehensive study of IoT applications in smart grids, with a focus on cybersecurity, system architecture, and device classification. It highlights the benefits of IoTenabled smart grids in improving power quality, operational efficiency, and data-driven decision-making, while addressing future challenges related to scalability, security, and interoperability.