August 16, 2025International Journal of Life Sciences and Biotechnology0 citationsOpen Access

Planting time and spacing effects on marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) NK1 orange: a comprehensive study in Nangarhar, Afghanistan

TZTayebullah Zahid ZSZabihullah Safi MSMohammad Ismail Sadat

Key Points

P2 planting time yields the highest flower production, enhancing the growth and flowering duration of marigolds.
The study found that specific spacings (30 cm x 45 cm) significantly improve marigold flower yield during the growing season.
Conducted as a factorial randomized block design, the analysis assessed various planting times and spacings for optimal growth.
This trial highlights the necessity for local adaptation of marigold cultivation practices to maximize agricultural output.

Abstract

Marigolds are widely valued for their ornamental beauty and versatility in landscaping, yet optimal horticultural practices for their cultivation under specific local agro-climatic conditions still need to be determined. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of cultivation time and spacing on growth, flower yield, and flowering duration of Marigolds. A field experiment was conducted on the marigold NK1 orange variety based on a factorial randomized block design. The planting times were February 4th (P1), February 21st (P2), and March 8th (P3), while the spacings were 30 cm × 30 cm (S1), 30 cm × 45 cm (S2), 45 cm × 45 cm (S3), and 45 cm × 60 cm (S4). The P2 treatment significantly (p

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