The phenomenon of synonymy and antonymy in English and Russian construction terminology

The aim of this study is to establish similarities and differences in the realization of synonymy and antonymy in English and Russian construction terminology. The article examines semantic processes in terminology, in particular, it classifies synonyms according to the structural type of synonymic pairs, the degree of semantic identity, and the type of variability. The work also classifies antonyms according to the semantic type of antonymy, the basis of the opposition of concepts, and the method of expressing opposition. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it is the first one to identify and classify English and Russian construction terms-synonyms and terms-antonyms according to the criteria mentioned above and to describe the quantitative and typological differences between them. The study found that the differences between the English and Russian languages manifest primarily in the ways of forming and functioning terms-synonyms and terms-antonyms. Despite typological differences, both languages are characterized by the active manifestation of absolute synonymy, as well as the use of the same features of opposition of concepts, which indicates the unified principles underlying the formation of professional vocabulary.