The European Green Deal, which was signed in 2021, has adopted a target of achieving a 90% reduction in emissions from European ports by the year 2050. In order to meet this target and comply with international carbon footprint standards, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed a "net zero" strategy, the implementation of which is recommended by ports. In this study, Scope 1 and Scope 2 carbon emissions of Zonguldak Port, one of the important ports in the Western Black Sea, were determined according to fuel, natural gas and electricity data obtained from the port. Furthermore, an evaluation was conducted on the potential differences in carbon emissions that that will be able to occured in case of electrification and alternative fuel use, which are recognised stand out as decarbonisation strategies for ports. The obtained results indicated that 89% of Scope 1 emissions at the Zonguldak Port are attributable to diesel fuel consumption. As calculations, total carbon emission of port have emerged from using 55% diesel fuel, 39% electricity and 6% natural gas. When evaluating the use of different fuel alternatives for CHEs, a ranking of electricity > diesel > LNG was obtained based on kgCO₂ emissions. However, this ranking depends entirely on the emission factors used in the calculations. Consequently, the primary source of carbon emissions in relatively small-scale ports such as Zonguldak port is fuel utilised in CHE. In order to plan sustainable decarbonization strategies in ports, port management should have a detailed data inventory on energy supply and use.
Altın et al. (Sun,) studied this question.