Advances in Management of Subdural Effusion After Decompressive Craniectomy for Traumatic Brain Injury

Subdural effusion is a common complication after decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury. While many cases are asymptomatic and resolve with conservative management, some patients develop significant mass effect, leading to elevated intracranial pressure, midline shift, and clinical worsening, which may require surgery. Current treatment strategies vary widely, with no established consensus. This paper reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis, classification, and management of subdural effusion to guide clinical decision-making and improve outcomes following decompressive craniectomy.