Mediterranean Seaweeds: Bridging Chemistry Knowledge, Microbial Community Profiling, Therapeutic, Nutraceutical, and Industrial Applications

Mediterranean seaweeds are a valuable source of bioactive compounds that evolved in response to the region's unique conditions. These compounds, initially serving defensive roles, show strong pharmaceutical potential with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and anticancer properties. Rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, and essential fatty acids, these macroalgae are increasingly recognized for their role in functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, research gaps persist, especially in chemical characterization and microbial profiling. The diversity, ecological roles, metabolic capabilities, and nutraceutical potential of the associated microorganisms are still poorly understood. This review offers an overview of the chemical and microbial profiling of Mediterranean seaweeds, emphasizing their pharmacological and nutraceutical value. It highlights the role of symbiotic microorganisms in metabolite biosynthesis and explores strategies to enhance the production of bioactive compounds. By doing so, this review aims to unlock the full potential of Mediterranean seaweeds and their microbial partners for sustainable pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and industrial applications.