Photobiomodulation: A Review

Photobiomodulation (PBM), is a low-level light therapy at wavelengths between 400 to 1100 nanometers. It includes the green section of the visible light spectrum (495 to 570 nm) that has attracted substantial attention for the management of conditions such as pain. The use of light exposure for medical treatment or phototherapy has a long history. Niels Ryberg Finsen, a Nobel laureate, reported using ultraviolet light to cure lupus vulgaris and red-light to treat smallpox in the late 1800s 1. Using phototherapy in the form of light has recently received more attention. Various wavelengths of light have treated a diverse spectrum of ailments including psoriasis, seasonal affective disorder, neonatal jaundice, circadian rhythm disruptions and acne 2. The applications of phototherapy are broad, ranging from pain control to promoting the healing of wounds, tendon injuries, nerve injuries and arthritis. A comprehensive review of the literature is presented in this review article.