Mechanistic insights into β-glucans and gut microbiota interactions for enhancing human health

This review examines the mechanistic interactions between β-glucans and gut microbiota, emphasizing their potential to improve human health. β-glucans, primarily derived from cereals, fungi, and yeast, act as prebiotics that promote the growth of beneficial gut bacteria, enhancing gut health and immune function. The review explores how these interactions affect metabolic health, digestive processes, and immune modulation. Mechanistic insights provide a deeper understanding of the pathways through which β-glucans influence systemic inflammation and metabolism, focusing on their role in the gut-immune axis. A comparative analysis highlights the unique benefits of β-glucans over other dietary fibers for supporting both gut and overall health. Equally, the review underscores the need for standardization in β-glucan consumption and addresses existing research gaps. Finally, it outlines future directions, including personalized nutrition and innovative extraction methods, to optimize the health benefits of β-glucans through tailored dietary interventions.